CystitisCall the inflammation of the bladder.In most cases, this inflammation causes a bacterial infection, and the type of trailing infection (IMVP) is.Bladder infection can be very painful and exhausting, and can also lead to more serious problems if they enter the kidneys ascending.
In rare cases, cystitis can be a reaction to certain drugs, radiation therapy or other stimuli: women's hygiene sprays, spermacid gels or long use of a urinary catheter or long-term.Cititis can also be a complication of another disease.
Typically, bacterial cystitis requires antibiotic recipe.The treatment of other types of cystitis depends on their cause.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
The symptoms of cystitis include:
Imperative (sudden and very strong) urinating urine
Fake urine
Ignition during urination
Frequent urination, small urine
Blood in urine (hematuria)
Mud urine and / or urine with a sharp unpleasant odor
Discomfort in the field of pelvis
Pressure pressure in the lower abdomen
Subferable body temperature (from 37 to 38 degrees)
On small children, the sudden appearance of the Daily Enureza (Urinary incontinence) can also be a sign of the urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
Look for medical attention immediately if you have symptoms that are characteristic of kidney infection, especially:
Pain or hi in the back
Fever and cold
Nausea and vomiting
Frequent, painful ureta, takes more than a few hours
Blood in urine.
It is especially important to consult a doctor if it is not the first episode of cystitis.
If you just finished the course of treatment, and the symptoms have already returned, contact your doctor immediately.
If your child has daily enuresis, call your pediatrician
Causes and risk factors of cystitis
The human urinary system consists of two kidneys, two urethers, bladder and urethra.
The main function of the urinary system is to remove slag from the body.The kidneys filter the blood, releasing the primary and then secondary urine from it;The secondary urine passes through the bubble offices and accumulates there for a few hours, after which the bladder is filled, a person feels urinating and emptying a bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Cisolic infections usually occur when the bacteria penetrate the urethra through the urethra, and they start multiplied there.Most often, cystitis causes E. coli bacteria.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sexual intercourse, especially often happens after the first sexual intercourse in the life of a woman.But even sexually inactive girls and women are sensitive to infections of the lower urinary tract, because women are genitals often obsessed with cystitis.
Non-effective cystitis
The nonbacterial cysttype includes:
Interstital cystitis.The causes of this chronic bladder inflammation, are also called the painful bladder syndrome, they are still not clear.They are most often found in women.This disease can be difficult to identify and cure.
Citizes medications.Some medications, chemotherapeutic medications can cause cystitis, while accumulating in the bladder and irritating its wall.
Radiation cystitis.The radiation treatment of the pelvic area can cause inflammatory changes in the bladder tissues.
Currents a foreign body.Prolonged use of the urethra can increase the risk of bacterial infections and tissue damage;Both of these factors can cause cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some may have increased sensitivity to chemicals contained in jacuzzi, female hygiene sprays, spermicid gels and other substances.Local chemical irritation or allergic inflammation - causes typical cystitis symptoms.
CISTESTIS caused by other factors.Sometimes cystitis can occur as a complication of other diseases, such as diabetes, kidney stone, prostate hypertrophy or spinal cord injuries.
Risk factors
Some people are more likely to develop recurrent urinary tract infections from others.First of all, the risk factor is the female floor - a short urethra makes women vulnerable before this disease.
Among women, those who: who:
Sexually active.A sexual intercourse can lead to the bacteria of Protalkivaniyu in urea.
Use certain means of contraception.Women who use diaphragms and other membranes impregnated spermicid gel are more likely to suffer from cystitis.
Pregnancy.Hormone changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of cystitis.
Located in menopause.Modified hormones in menopauuuuuuuuuuuuu are often provociruyut imvp.
Other risk factors Castitis in men and women include:
The obstacle of urine.It can cause a stone in a bladder or an increased prostate (in men).
Changes in the immune system.They occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infections and chemotherapy cancer.The suppression of the immune system increases the risk of bacterial and, in some cases, viral cystitis.
Long-term use of the urethra.Older people and people with some diseases may need a long use of the urinary catheter.This often leads to increased vulnerability before bacterial infections, as well as direct damage to the bladder tissues.
In men without any predisposition factors - cystitis is rare.
Complications of cystitis
Fast and proper treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, with premature treatment, cystitis can cause more serious diseases.
Complications of cystitis include, first of all, petroleaphritis (infectious inflammation of the kidney).Infection from the inflamed bladder can fall into the kidneys ascent, which in turn can cause pyelonephritis, and even irreversible damage to the kidney tissue (nephrosclerosis).
Early children and older people have the highest risk of kidney damage due to urinary bladder infections, as IMPP symptoms often ignore or have been negated with doctors for other disease symptoms.
Preparing to visit a doctor
If you or your child, you have symptoms characteristic of cystitis, you should schedule an appointment with a doctor.First, a pediatrician, therapist, or general practitioner should be examined, and then, if it considers it necessary, you will be referred to urologist or nephrologists.In anticipation of reception time, you can make a list that will reduce and optimize communication time in the doctor:
Write down your symptoms including those that seem to you are not related to cystitis
Make a list of all medicines, vitamins or additives for the food you accept
Write the questions you would like to ask your doctor
For example, you can ask a doctor:
What was most likely to cause my illness?
What additional examinations should I pass?
What factors contributed to the development of cystitis in your opinion?
What access to the treatment do you recommend?
If this course does not make relief, which treatment do you advise the following?
What side effects can I expect from the prescribed flow of treatment?
What is the risk that this problem is repeated?
What can I do to reduce the risk of relapse?
Do I need to advise a narrow expert, urologist or nephrologist?
Feel free to ask questions that arise with you during a conversation with a doctor.
Your doctor will probably ask you a number of questions, for example:
When did you notice these symptoms first?
Have you been treated before for urinary tract infections?
How strong uneasiness do you experience?
How often do you wet?
After urinating, how long does it take?
Do you have pain in your lower back?
Did you have an elevated temperature?
Did you notice discharge from a vagina or blood in urine?
Are you sexually active?
Do you use contraception creams?Which one?
You are not pregnant?
Do you take drugs, biological accessories or vitamins?Do you have chronic diseases?
Have you ever used the urinary catheter?
Diagnosis of cystitis
In addition to examining their symptoms and testing physics, your doctor can recommend certain tests and tests, such as:
General analysis of urineThe test is used as screenwrecks, and as diagnostic.In this analysis, IMVP can be discussed in increased leukocytes, red blood cells and nitrites.
Rain analysis for sterility.If a bladder is suspected of an infection, the doctor may prescribe the urine's urine analysis, which will show the type of bacteria in urine and their numbers.
General blood testThis analysis shows unnecessary inflammatory changes in white blood cells, and may indirectly indicate the presence and seriousness of the urethra (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.During this study, the doctor represents a cystoscope - a thin pipe with backlight and video camera, through the urethra to the bladder and examines it from the inside to study structural anomalies and signs of inflammation.
When a cystoscope is used, the doctor can also take a small sample of the fabric (biopsy) from the suspicious place for laboratory analysis.However, cystoscopy is not displayed all patients with cystitis, but only on patients with liquid or non-border cystitis.
Visualisiruyushchie Methods.These research methods require all patients, but only to those who cannot find the reason for the relapse of IMVP in other ways.For example, an overview of the abdominal radiographs or ultrasound of retroperitoneal space, can identify structural anomalies of bladder, ureter and kidney.In some cases, the contrast is carried out before radiography, ascending (cystography) or descending (intravenous urography).
Treatment of cystitis
Cititis caused by bacterial infection is usually treated with antibiotics.The treatment of non-effective cystitis depends on his cause.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis
First -line antibiotics are medications that are active against the intestinal stick or those bacteria found in urine during sowing.
Primary infection.Symptoms usually improve in the first days of treatment, but the doctor can insist on constant therapy of three to seven days, depending on the weight of your infection.
Repeated infection.If you have a relapse IMVP, the doctor can recommend longer antibiotic treatment or directs you in a doctor who specializes in the treatment of urologist or nephrologists) to identify the cause of relapses.For some women with repetitive bacterial cystic, one dose of antibiotics after each sexual intercourse can be useful.
Non-catering infections.Non-catering infections of the bladder can be extremely difficult to treat, because the bacteria that cause them are often resistant to major antibiotics used to therapize extracurricular bladder infections.Therefore, the doctor can rewrite several antibiotics at once.
Treatment of interprisoning cystitis
The reason for the development of the intermediate cystitis remains uncertain, so there is no universal treatment regime suitable for all patients at the same time.The doctor can try the following treatment methods:
Preparations are used orally or applied directly into the bladder.
Local procedures that relieve symptoms, such as stretching bladder, filling it with water or gas.
Stilling nerve with light electric impulses (physiotization) to mitigate pain in the pelting area, and in some cases reduce the frequency of urination
Treating other forms of non-infectious cystitis
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that causes non-infectious cystitis: Jacuzzi, spermacide cream, etc.
Treatment of cystitis developing as a complication of chemotherapy or radiation, focuses on the combination of pain (usually using painkillers) and washing for reducing contact with irality in the bladder.
Lifestyle and homemade medications
CISTESTIS can be very painful, but there are simple home methods to largely facilitate this discomfort:
Use heating pad.Put the heating pad on the lower abdomen, it will greatly mitigate pain and weight in the pelvis.
Do not allow dehydration.Drink a lot of fluid.Avoid coffee, alcohol, soft drinks containing caffeine, citrus juices;Like spicy food - until the symptoms of cystitis be in mind.These substances can irritate the bladder and worsen the frequency and intensity of urination.
Take a seating bathroom.Collect the crotch in warm water for 15-20 minutes, it will noticeably alleviate pain and discomfort.
With a recurring IMVP, discuss your personal optimal tactics of therapy and symptomatic treatment with your doctor.
PREVENTIS CITISTIS
Cranberry juice or tablets containing pro -antocianidine are often recommended to reduce the risk of repetitive infections of the bladder of some women.However, recent studies show that these methods are not as effective as they think before.
You can still try to take cranberry juice, but remember that it cannot be combined with Warfarin, because this combination can lead to bleeding.
The following simple rules can be useful for cystitis prevention:
Drink a lot of fluids, especially water.This is especially important if you get chemotherapy or air therapy.
Warm more often.If you feel urinating urge, don't delay a visiting to the toilet.
Wipe the crotch in front of your back after the defecation.This prevents bacteria from anal areas in vagina and urethers.
Take a shower, not a bath.If you are prone to IMVP relapses, if you refuse a bath, and you take a shower, because water in the tub will be mounted to penetrate the infection in the urethra.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus.Do it every day, but do not use irritating soaps and do not make energy efforts.The gentle skin around these areas irritation easily appears.
Enough bladder as soon as possible than sexual intercourse.Drink a full glass of water to go to the toilet soon.
Avoid using deodorant and aerosol, as well as other female cosmetics in the genital area.These substances can irritate the urethra and bladder.